Paragraf Tamamlama örnek soruları
Soru 1
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults, and a fall that results in a hip fracture can mark the beginning of a permanent loss of independence. Many factors contribute to falls, including weak muscles, poor balance, impaired vision, certain medicines and hazards in the home such as loose rugs and poor lighting. ---- Exercise programmes that improve balance and strength, such as tai chi, have been shown to reduce the rate of falls. Simple changes at home, such as installing grab rails in the bathroom and improving the lighting on stairs, can reduce the risk further.
- A)Hip fractures are usually repaired surgically within a day or two of admission to hospital.
- B)Because the causes are so varied, effective prevention usually tackles several of them at once.
- C)Falls, therefore, cannot be prevented once a person has passed the age of seventy.
- D)Most older adults, therefore, prefer to live with their children rather than alone.
- E)Loose rugs are, however, the single cause of most falls that occur at home.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: B
Boşluktan önce düşmelerin pek çok nedeni sayılır, sonra hem egzersiz hem ev düzenlemesi gibi farklı önlemler anlatılır; nedenlerin çeşitliliği yüzünden etkili önlemlerin birden fazla nedeni aynı anda ele aldığını söyleyen cümle bu geçişi sağlar. "Hip fractures are usually repaired surgically..." konuyla ilgili olsa da önlemeden tedaviye geçip akışı keser; "Loose rugs are, however, the single cause..." ise önceki cümledeki 'pek çok etken' bilgisiyle çelişir.
Soru 2
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, appears as raised, itchy welts on the skin that can change shape and move around within hours. The welts form when mast cells in the skin release histamine and other chemicals, causing fluid to leak from small blood vessels. ---- When the welts persist for more than six weeks, however, the condition is classified as chronic, and in most of these cases no external trigger can be found. Chronic urticaria is now thought to involve the immune system mistakenly activating mast cells, and it can significantly impair sleep and quality of life.
- A)In acute cases, this release is often provoked by a trigger such as a food or a medicine.
- B)Histamine also plays an important role in regulating the secretion of stomach acid.
- C)Because no trigger is ever involved, acute urticaria cannot be prevented by avoiding particular foods.
- D)Chronic urticaria is therefore much more common in children than in adults.
- E)Applying a cold compress to the skin can also relieve the itching for a short time.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: A
Boşluktan sonraki "however" ile kronik ürtikerde çoğu zaman tetikleyici bulunamadığı söylenir; bu karşıtlık için boşlukta akut ürtikerin besin ya da ilaç gibi bir tetikleyiciyle başladığını anlatan cümle gerekir. "Because no trigger is ever involved, acute urticaria..." yanlıştır, çünkü tetikleyicinin hiç olmadığını söyleyince "however" ile kurulan karşıtlık ortadan kalkar.
Soru 3
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus that is passed on through close skin-to-skin contact. Most infections cause no symptoms and are cleared by the immune system within a year or two. ---- For this reason, many countries now offer HPV vaccination to adolescents, ideally before they could be exposed to the virus. Countries that introduced vaccination programmes early have since reported sharp falls in infections and in the precancerous changes that can lead to cervical cancer.
- A)As a result, vaccination against the virus is no longer considered necessary in most countries.
- B)Cervical screening programmes were first introduced in the mid-twentieth century.
- C)In some people, however, certain types of the virus persist and can eventually cause cancer, most notably of the cervix.
- D)Many other viruses, such as those causing influenza, spread mainly through the air.
- E)The virus was first described in animals long before it was identified in humans.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: C
Boşluktan sonra gelen "For this reason" aşılamanın gerekçesini bekler; bu gerekçe virüsün bazı kişilerde kalıcı olup kansere yol açabilmesidir. "As a result, vaccination against the virus is no longer considered necessary..." yanlıştır, çünkü hemen ardından ülkelerin aşı sunduğu söylenir ve çelişki oluşur.
Soru 4
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Vestibular neuritis is an inflammation of the nerve that carries balance information from the inner ear to the brain, and it is usually thought to follow a viral infection. ---- Patients may be unable to stand or walk without help and often vomit repeatedly during the first days. Hearing, however, is not affected, which helps doctors to distinguish the condition from other inner-ear disorders. Although the most severe symptoms settle within a few days, full recovery of balance can take several weeks.
- A)Antibiotics are always prescribed, since the infection is caused by bacteria.
- B)Its main symptom is a sudden, severe and continuous vertigo that can last for days.
- C)Most viral infections, such as the common cold, last for about a week.
- D)The inner ear also contains the cochlea, which converts sound into nerve signals.
- E)In contrast, patients rarely feel dizzy and usually continue working as normal.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: B
Boşluktan sonra hastaların ayakta duramadığı ve kustuğu anlatılır; bu belirtiler ani ve şiddetli baş dönmesini tanıtan bir cümleyle hazırlanmalıdır. "In contrast, patients rarely feel dizzy..." ardından gelen ağır denge sorunlarıyla çelişir; "Antibiotics are always prescribed..." ise viral enfeksiyon bilgisine aykırıdır.
Soru 5
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Cognitive load theory begins from the observation that working memory, the system we use to hold and process new information, has a very limited capacity. ---- Instructional materials that require learners to search back and forth between a diagram and a separate block of explanatory text, for example, can use up working memory on activities that contribute nothing to learning. Designers who follow the theory therefore try to integrate related information and to remove decorative elements that distract attention.
- A)Some researchers have also studied how sleep affects the consolidation of memories.
- B)When a task places too many demands on this capacity at once, learning is likely to suffer.
- C)The theory therefore recommends placing diagrams and their explanations on separate pages.
- D)For this reason, learners benefit most from materials that present as much information as possible at the same time.
- E)Many teachers today use digital whiteboards rather than traditional blackboards.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: B
Boşluktan sonra gelen örnek ("for example"), çalışma belleğini öğrenmeye katkısı olmayan işlerle dolduran materyallerin zararını gösterir; bu örnek, sınırlı kapasite aşıldığında öğrenmenin zarar gördüğü genellemesini gerektirir. "The theory therefore recommends placing diagrams and their explanations on separate pages." yanlıştır: hemen ardından şekil ile ayrı metin arasında gidip gelmenin zararlı olduğu ve ilgili bilginin bütünleştirilmesi gerektiği söylenir.
Soru 6
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
In the 1950s, the economist Simon Kuznets proposed that income inequality tends to follow a predictable path as a country develops. In the early stages of industrialisation, he suggested, inequality rises, because a minority of workers move from low-paid agricultural jobs into better-paid work in towns and factories. ---- Plotted on a graph, this pattern resembles an inverted U, and it became known as the Kuznets curve. Later research, however, has cast doubt on the idea that it describes a general law, since inequality has risen again in many rich countries since the 1980s.
- A)As more people make this transition and gain access to education, inequality eventually begins to fall.
- B)Many developing countries have therefore decided to slow down their industrialisation.
- C)Agricultural workers, by contrast, often earned more than factory workers at that time.
- D)Kuznets also played an important part in developing the measurement of national income.
- E)In this way, inequality continues to increase without limit as a country grows richer.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: A
Ters U biçimi önce artan, sonra azalan bir eşitsizlik ister; boşluğa eşitsizliğin sonunda düşmeye başladığını söyleyen cümle gelir. "In this way, inequality continues to increase without limit ..." yanlıştır: sınırsız artış ters U biçimiyle çelişir.
Soru 7
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
When a ship's propeller spins very fast, the pressure of the water on the back of its blades can drop sharply. If the pressure falls below a certain level, the water begins to boil even though it is cold, forming tiny bubbles of vapour. ---- Each collapse produces a small but intense shock wave, and over time, millions of these shocks can wear pits into even the hardest metal surfaces. Engineers call this process cavitation, and they design propellers carefully to keep it to a minimum.
- A)These bubbles are so stable that they stay attached to the blades for many years.
- B)Warm water, by contrast, is generally preferred for cooling a ship's engines.
- C)Propellers first replaced paddle wheels on steamships in the nineteenth century.
- D)These bubbles are swept into regions of higher pressure, where they collapse violently.
- E)As a result, the water around the propeller gradually freezes into solid ice.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: D
Boşluktan sonraki "Each collapse" ifadesi, kabarcıkların çöktüğünü söyleyen bir cümle gerektirir; bunu yüksek basınçlı bölgelere sürüklenip şiddetle çöken kabarcıkları anlatan cümle sağlar. "These bubbles are so stable..." kabarcıkların yıllarca kaldığını söyleyerek çökme fikriyle çelişir.
Soru 8
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Economic theory suggests that a grant from central government to a local authority should have roughly the same effect on local spending as an equivalent rise in the income of local residents. In both cases, the community as a whole has become richer by the same amount, and it should decide in the same way how much of the extra money to spend on public services. ---- Economists have named this pattern the 'flypaper effect', because money appears to stick where it first lands. Explanations range from the interests of local officials, who may prefer larger budgets, to the possibility that voters simply do not notice how much their authority receives.
- A)This is why central governments have stopped giving grants to local authorities altogether.
- B)Many local authorities also employ economists to forecast the growth of their populations.
- C)Consequently, grants and private income have been shown to have identical effects on local budgets.
- D)In practice, however, studies have repeatedly found that grants raise public spending far more than comparable increases in private income do.
- E)Local residents, for their part, usually pay most of their taxes to the central government.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: D
Boşluktan sonra adı verilen "this pattern" (paranın ilk düştüğü yere yapışması), kuramın beklentisine aykırı bir bulgunun önce söylenmesini gerektirir: hibeler, eşdeğer gelir artışından çok daha fazla harcama artışı yaratır. "Consequently, grants and private income have been shown to have identical effects..." ortada açıklanacak bir örüntü bırakmaz ve sonraki cümleyle çelişir.
Soru 9
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Towards the end of pregnancy, most babies settle into a head-down position ready for birth. In a small proportion of pregnancies, however, the baby lies bottom or feet first, a position known as breech. ---- In this procedure, an obstetrician applies gentle pressure to the mother's abdomen to encourage the baby to turn a somersault. If it succeeds, the woman has a better chance of a normal vaginal birth, which is why the option is usually discussed with her at around thirty-six weeks.
- A)Babies born by caesarean section sometimes have mild breathing problems at first.
- B)Breech babies, therefore, never need any special care during or after birth.
- C)Most babies, however, are born several weeks after their expected date of birth.
- D)One way of dealing with this is external cephalic version, which is usually attempted before labour begins.
- E)The mother's blood pressure is also checked at every antenatal appointment.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: D
Boşluktan sonraki "In this procedure" ifadesi, bir işlemin adını veren bir cümle gerektirir; bunu makat gelişe çözüm olarak dış sefalik çevirmeyi tanıtan "One way of dealing with this is external cephalic version..." sağlar. "Breech babies, therefore, never need any special care..." paragrafla çelişir; makat geliş özel bir müdahalenin tartışıldığı bir durum olarak sunulur.
Soru 10
Paragrafta boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
During the twentieth century, average scores on intelligence tests rose steadily in many countries, by roughly three points every decade. Because the genetic make-up of a population cannot change that quickly, researchers concluded that the cause must lie elsewhere. ---- Better nutrition and health care, for instance, allowed children's brains to develop more fully, while longer schooling and more complex working lives gave people more practice with the kind of abstract thinking that such tests measure. Interestingly, in some countries the rise appears to have slowed or even reversed in recent decades, a trend that researchers are still trying to explain.
- A)They suggest that changes in people's environment, rather than in their genes, were mainly responsible.
- B)They suggest that people's genes changed far more quickly than scientists had expected.
- C)Intelligence, in the traditional view, was thought to be fixed at birth and unaffected by education.
- D)Intelligence tests were originally designed to identify children who needed extra help at school.
- E)As a result, most countries now use intelligence tests to select students for university.
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: A
Boşluktan önce nedenin genlerde olamayacağı söylenir; boşluktan sonra ise beslenme, sağlık ve eğitim gibi çevresel etkenler "for instance" ile örneklenir. Bu iki kısmı, artışın genlerden çok çevredeki değişikliklerden kaynaklandığını söyleyen "They suggest that changes in people's environment,…" bağlar. "They suggest that people's genes changed…" yanlıştır; nüfusun genetik yapısının bu kadar hızlı değişemeyeceğini söyleyen önceki cümleyle çelişir.